NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 7

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Various factors affect fertility as implied in the NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 7 instructions. The presence of the STDs such as Chlamydia and gonorrhea are examples of some of the common forms of STDs that lead to infertility in a person. The reason inflammatory markers tend to rise in STD/PID is the high level of white cell count. The high level of white cells count indicates that the pelvic inflammatory disease is excessively severe (Low, N. & Broutet N. J. 2017). Hence, the inflammatory response is an indication of the presence of an infection and is a response as the first line of defense (Chaparro & Suchdev, 2019).

Acute bacterial prostatitis is caused by the presence of common strains of bacteria. The infections begin when the bacteria that are present in the urine find their way onto the prostate area. Most of the time, the common forms of treatment entail antibiotics to ensure that the infection is effectively treated. Notably, prostate massage should not be performed for patients that have acute prostatitis condition, given that it will end up causing sepsis (Le, 2016). It is rare to witness sepsis that arises from prostatitis but can occur among patients whose immunity has been compromised.

A patient that has been diagnosed with ITP needs splenectomy given that the immune system of the patient treats the platelets as foreign material to the body and hence will destroy them. The spleen is the part that is responsible for the removal of the damaged platelets from the body. For this reason, removing the spleen of the patient is a strategy that will ensure that there are more platelets in the body (Chaparro & Suchdev, 2019).

The presence of macrocytic anemia is an indication that the red blood cells have low levels of hemoglobin in the body. Hemoglobin is a form of protein that contains high levels of iron that is responsible for the transportation of oxygen around the body. The underlying causes of macrocytic anemia include deficiency in B-12 or folate in the body (Le, 2016). For this reason, the condition is sometimes called vitamin deficiency anemia.

Microcytic anemia is defined as a state in which there is the presence of small and hypochromic red blood cells in the peripheral of the blood smear that is characterized by a low level of the MCV. A low level of MVC means less than 83 microns 3. Hence, the most common cause of microcytic anemia is iron deficiency.

The different kinds of anemia include:

  • Hypochromic microcytic anemias include iron-deficient anemia, thalassemia, and sideroblastic anemia.
  • Normochromic microcytic anemia
  • Anemia of inflammation of chronic diseases including infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Hypochromic microcytic anemias are caused by a genetic condition that is regarded as congenital spherocytic anemia.

Other causes of microcytic anemia include:

  • Lead toxicity
  • Copper deficiency
  • Excess zinc leading to deficiency in copper
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Drug abuse

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PEDIATRICS MODULE 8

References

Chaparro, C. M., & Suchdev, P. S. (2019). Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14092

Le, C. H. (2016). The prevalence of anemia and moderate-severe anemia in the US population (NHANES 2003-2012). PLOS ONE, 11(11), e0166635. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166635

Low, N. & Broutet N. J. (2017). Sexually transmitted infections – Research priorities for new challenges. PLoS Medicine, (12), e1002481

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