Answer for PUB 540 Define endemic, epidemic, and pandemic, and provide an example of each Re: Topic 1 DQ 1 Epidemic
Answer for PUB 540 Define endemic, epidemic, and pandemic, and provide an example of each
Re: Topic 1 DQ 1
Epidemic
Epidemic is defined as a disease that affects many individuals within a given community, population or region. The Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is defined as unexpected increase in the number of diseases within a geographical location. According to public health yellow fever, measles, polo and smallpox are prime examples of epidemics. The criteria of contagious is not a criterion for an epidemic. Primary prevention is simply intervening before health effects occurs. Secondary would be screening and tertiary prevention would be post diagnosis to slow or stop. Primary prevention for yellow fever is preventing mosquitos’ bites during the day and night. For example, use insect repellents, wear long sleeves. Most importantly receive the vaccination. In 2021 we have reported human laboratory confirmed cases of yellow fever in African Region ( Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, and the Democratic Republic of Congo).
Pandemic
A pandemic is defined as an epidemic of infectious disease that affects the human population across the continents, regions or globally. Pandemics can transition into disasters when they cause many deaths. The rate is rapid, and cases appear every day. It has been determined that pandemics arise from international travel. An example of the pandemic would be the Spanish influenza of 1918. Approximately 50 million people was killed.
Endemic
Is a condition that presents a predictable pattern amongst a certain population when the infectious disease is maintained at a current baseline without any spikes. For example, and endemic would have been chickenpox within the United Kingdom, but malaria wouldn’t be considered. However, in other regions malaria would be considered an endemic.
References:
Grennan D. What Is a Pandemic? JAMA. 2019;321(9):910. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.0700
Kelly H. (2011). The classical definition of a pandemic is not elusive. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 89(7), 540–541. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.088815
Outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics-what you need to know. APIC. (n.d.). Retrieved April 26, 2022, from https://apic.org/monthly_alerts/outbreaks-epidemics-and-pandemics-what-you-need-to-know/
