Given the history of the patient, explain what contributed to the development of a deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
Given the history of the patient, explain what contributed to the development of a deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
According to Virchow’s triad of hypercoagulability, venous stasis, and vascular wall damage give a paradigm for understanding many of the risk variables that lead to the onset of thrombosis. As Salahudheen (2018) notes, there is venous endothelial damage induced by surgery, venous stasis owing to perioperative immobilization, and hypercoagulability resulting from postoperative fibrinolytic shutdown in patients who have complete hip or knee replacement surgery, for example.
However, a significant minority of individuals have unexplained DVT that lacks “clinical” risk markers such as endothelium damage or venous stasis, as well as identified thrombophilias that produce hypercoagulability. Undoubtedly, some of these individuals have unidentified thrombophilias, although the DVT is now classified as idiopathic.
There is a clear relationship between emphysema and COPD, explain the pathophysiology of emphysema and the relationship to COPD.
COPD is a chronic respiratory disease that causes dyspnea, coughing, and sputum production. Expiratory flow restriction is the physiological cause of dyspnea. COPD lungs exhibit alveolar breakdown, expansion, and inflammation of the lung parenchyma and airways (Higham et al., 2019). Emphysema etiology can be caused by increased alveolar wall cell death and lack of alveolar wall maintenance.
Chronic inflammation and elevated oxidative stress, according to the research, contribute to greater damage and poorer lung maintenance and repair in emphysema (Higham et al., 2019). Because clinically severe emphysema affects only a small percentage of smokers, genetic factors may play a key role in susceptibility or resistance to cigarette smoke.
References
CDC. (2020). LDL and HDL cholesterol: “bad” and “good” cholesterol. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 16th June 2022 from https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/ldl_hdl.htm
